URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. URL points the location of a file on the world wide web and also identifies the Internet service, such as FTP or HTTP, that will handle the file how that will be processed. When a hyperlink is inserted on a page, the destination of the hyperlink is encoded as a URL such as http://www.sarvpratham.com/services. The initial part of the URL is the protocol, which tells a web browser the internet service that will process the file. A protocol is separated from the rest of the URL by a colon. Some of the protocols are such as FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, MAILTO, FILE etc.
Hyperlinking is done using the http protocol, the first part http://. The second part of URL is the network location, which is a unique name that identifies URL address on the web server such as sarvpratham.com. A network location has two or more parts, separated by periods, as in www.sarvpratham.com. The third part of URL is the path that identifies the folder or directory and the file. If a file is stored in the root folder of your web server, its URL will not have a path as the file is stored under the root directory. The fourth part of URL is the file name. If there is no file name specified in the URL, the web browser checks for the default page, usually index.htm, index.html, default.htm etc. as per the web server policies. After the file name, URL can have a bookmark. The bookmark is placed in the source code that broswer can identify and jump directly to that bookmark. URL can be absolute URL where it is a complete in all form or a relative URL that is part of the whole URL.